High seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the capital of Chad

Background. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chad has had 7,417 confirmed cases and 193 deaths, one of the lowest in Africa. Objective. This study assessed SARS-CoV-2 immunity in N'Djamena. Methods. In August-October 2021, eleven N'Djamena hospitals collected outpatient data and samples. IgG antibodies against SARSCoV- 2 nucleocapsid protein were identified using ELISA. "Bambino Gesu" Laboratory, Rome, Italy, performed external quality control with chemiluminescence assay. Results. 25-34-year-old (35.2%) made up the largest age group at 31.9 12.6 years. 56.4% were women, 1.3 women/men. The 7th district had 22.5% and the 1st 22.3%. Housewives and students dominated. Overall seroprevalence was 69.5% (95% CI: 67.7-71.3), females 68.2% (65.8-70.5) and males 71.2% (68.6-73.8). >44-year-old had 73.9% seroprevalence. Under-15s were 57.4% positive. Housewives (70.9%), civil servants (71.5%), and health workers (9.7%) had the highest antibody positivity. N'Djamena's 9th district had 73.1% optimism and the 3rd district had 52.5%. Seroprevalences were highest at Good Samaritan Hospital (75.4%) and National General Referral Hospital (74.7%). Conclusion. Our findings indicate a high circulation of SARS-CoV- 2 in N'Djamena, despite low mortality and morbidity after the first two COVID-19 pandemic waves. This high seroprevalence must be considered in Chad's vaccine policy.

Headache in healthcare workers related to personal protective equipment use in COVID-19 referral hospital

Background: Studies show that wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for long periods of time can lead to discomfort such as headaches, which could affect the performance of healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of headaches related to PPE in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 174 healthcare workers in a COVID-19 referral hospital in Bali. We conducted interviews using a questionnaire that consisted of three main parts: characteristics of the subjects, PPE usage, and PPE-associated headaches. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis results showed that the PPE-associated headaches had a prevalence of 63.8% and were gradual in onset, pressure-like in quality (46%), and mild in intensity (80.1%). PPE level III-associated headache was the most common type. The majority of the participants had headaches up to 6 hours after using the protective gear, but improving within 15-30 minutes of removal and/or after pharmacotherapy. A Chi-squared analysis showed a statistically significant association between duration of PPE use, working units, and PPE levels (p<0.05). A logistic regression analysis found a significant relationship between PPE level and headache occurrence (OR=4.826;95%CI: 2.433-9.572;p<0.001). Conclusion: The frequency of PPE-associated headache was high and the PPE level was a risk factor of headache among healthcare workers. Better strategies are needed to reduce the duration of PPE exposure so that the work performance and quality of life of healthcare workers are not significantly affected.

Intentions of companies for health-promoting telework after the COVID-19 lockdown 2020

Background: Companies had to find quick solutions for continuing to work due to the pandemic in spring 2020. However, working conditions at home (teleworking) do not always comply with the basic principles and quality criteria of workplace health promotion (WHP). Objectives: How strongly is the approach of health-promoting telework (working at home) established in companies and what influences the strategic anchoring and the use of supporting materials? Materials and methods: Theoretically derived hypotheses were operationalised and 1858 Austrian companies were invited to participate in an online survey. The sample (n = 192) represents a broad mix of company sizes, sectors and regions. Results: Workplaces vary widely in their intention to implement health-promoting telework in the future. A part can be explained by multivariate path models, with behavioural control and social norms playing a central role. The former is determined by the degree of preparation for telework and its implementation in the company. In particular, teleworking culture, in addition to teleworking readiness, is shown to be responsible for the strength of social norms towards its implementation. Conclusions: Teleworking has so far received too little attention in the sense of holistic WHP. Such an implementation strongly depends on the health-promoting corporate structures and processes, the culture, and the decision-makers' scope for action. Companies are recommended to follow the concept of capacity building in order to build up competencies and knowledge and to enable appropriate measures.

Influence of socio-demographic factors on perceived stress in outpatients with depression and anxiety in remission during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: The study aimed at identifying the influence of socio-demographic factors on perceived stress during the first and the second "waves" of the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with depression and anxiety in remission compared to controls. Method: The study was designed as case-control, cross-sectional and non-interventional, and included 60 outpatients with depressive and anxiety disorders in remission and 60 controls with or without family history of affective disorder. A self-assessment scale (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10) was used to evaluate perceived stress. The remission was objectified by the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI-S 2) and a questionnaire about the socio-demographic features and clinical characteristics of the disorders was completed. Results: By using multiple logistic regression, it was found that the diagnostic category and/or the relevant family history did not predict higher levels of perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (p > 0.05). Females were associated with higher risk of moderate or high stress (OR=2.613, p=0.017), as well as those working from home during the pandemic (OR=4.00, p=0.026). Conclusions: Addressing the COVID-19 effects on mental health in a biopsychosocial manner, the study shows the impact of socio-demographic factors such as gender and work environment in times of a psychosocial crisis. The lack of differences in stress perception by the patients in remission and healthy controls implicates the importance of adequate maintenance treatment and easy access to mental health services in times of crisis.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hotel housekeeping staff. (Special Issue: Tourism in the northeast.)

This research aimed to understand the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of workers of hotel housekeeping departments in the city of Joao Pessoa/PB. A quantitative analysis was carried out, to measure the information gathered from workers of three medium-sized hotels in the capital of the state of Paraiba, using a questionnaire to gather data, and descriptive analysis for the data analysis. It was found that the Covid-19 pandemic had caused impacts on the mental health of workers in this area, mainly in terms of financial worries;fear of losing their jobs;fear of contracting the disease while at work;and fear that if infected, they might pass it on to other members of the family. Added to this were physical fatigue, obsession with cleaning, and stress.

Retention of health human resources in COVID-19 pandemic condition

Health is a multifaceted issue and providing and promoting all its dimensions is an interdisciplinary task. Examination of crisis conditions shows that the retention of health human resources is very important due to the high volume of work in these conditions. Due to the severity of the prevalence of COVID-19, the health system must have an acceptable plan for dealing with this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the retention and stability of human resources in crises. We used a critical review method using specific keywords ("human resources retention", "COVID-19", and some other related keywords) in, Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SID databases until September 2022 without time limitation. Reviewers screened founded studies separately and finally, we summarized the main results of 12 eligible articles. Four main strategies (Organizational management and leadership, risk reduction, improving the mental health of health workers, and financial and welfare support) are possible solutions to reduce healthcare workers' burnout and increase their resilience to this hard situation. It seems that planning, appropriate policy-making to implement the solutions found, division of tasks, and compilation of a national document on human resource protection in crises with the cooperation of people and officials can be very helpful.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in high-risk occupational and low-risk groups in southwestern Iran

Background: Monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO). We examined the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in southwestern Iran in spring 2020. The circulation of SARS-CoV-2 is high in the general population, especially among health care workers (HCWs) who are in close contact with patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antigen in high-risk occupational and low-risk groups to investigate risk factors for serum positivity in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed on 366 participants (204 from high-risk and 162 from low-risk subjects). IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using Pishtaz Teb COVID-19 ELISA Kits to evaluate SARS-CoV-2-antigen in serum samples. After enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum prevalence, as well as IgG/IgM positive factors, was determined using logistic regression. Results: From July to September 2020 (a few months after reporting the first case of COVID-19 cases in Iran), out of 366 survived people, 72 (40.9%) were IgG positive, and 50 (27.5%) were IgM positive. The frequency of positive serology for IgG and IgM antibodies in individuals aged < 30 years was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that headache (OR 0.312 [95% CI: 0.136 - 0.717]) and cough (OR 0.427 [95% CI: 0.182 - 1.004]) factors were associated with IgG or IgM positive serology. Conclusions: Between July and September 2020, the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antigen was high in Shiraz. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies in the high-risk group and their family as low risk was shown to increase viral infection due to close contact with COVID 19 patients than in the general population. Several factors were found to be related to the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antigen that needs to be considered by policymakers to determine what to do about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on milk production per hectare in Ecuadorian herds

Dairy production systems in Ecuador have been studied in the last 10 years. During the Covid-2019 pandemic, the entire human society was harmed and agricultural activities affected by the disease and by the restrictions implemented to prevent its spread. The dairy industry did not escape this global situation and was affected in various countries. Reports from Ecuador and Asian countries indicate the unfavorable effect that this global health emergency situation had on dairy production. However, according to a report by the Argentine Dairy Chain Observatory1, world milk production had a constant growth of around 3%. It is considered that the activities carried out by veterinarians, milking and animal handling operators, inseminators and by the personnel dedicated to the management of paddocks were affected by Covid-19. Likewise, the supply of medicines, agricultural inputs and technology had a critical situation due to the pandemic. In addition, the response times were not always adequate, especially due to the absenteeism of livestock personnel, human mortality and effects on the health and well-being of people . Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the effects the pandemic could have on the country's cattle farms. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the pandemic period affected milk production per hectare per year in Ecuadorian herds.

COVID-19 exposure setting, social and gender determinants in a Mediterranean region

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of social and gender determinants, which influence the places where people are exposed to COVID-19, may be relevant in the development of preventive and control strategies. The aim of this paper was to determine the context in which COVID-19 cases were infected (household, work/labor, health, social-health, and social-leisure settings) according to country of origin, occupational social class and gender, which is essential in order to designing public health strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of an epidemiological registry of 56,628 COVID-19 incident cases was made, whose exposure/ contagion setting was studied according to the previous variables from June 15 to December 23, 2020, in the Region of Murcia (Spain). An exact Fisher test was used to study the distribution of COVID-19 cases based on the above variables. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence was higher in people from Africa (5,133.5 cases/100,000 inhabitants) and Latin America (11,351.1) than in non-immigrants (3,145.7). It was also higher in women (3,885.6) than in men (3,572.6). It is noteworthy, that 53.3% of the cases with employment were workers in industry or construction, artisans, agricultural workers, or elementary occupations. In contrast, during the second semester of 2020, 41.3% of the employed population in the Region of Murcia performed such jobs. The household was the main exposure setting (56.5% of cases with a known setting), followed by social-leisure (20.7%) and work/labor (18.2%). The labor settings were more important in immigrants from Africa (28.4%) and Latin America (35.7%) than in non-immigrants (12%), inversely to social-leisure settings. Labor context was more important in women (19.6%) than in men (16.5%) and in manual workers (44.1%) than in non-manual workers (26.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The context in which COVID-19 cases were infected is different according to social inequalities related to country of origin, gender and occupational social class.

Vitamin-D deficiency, the hidden pandemic in sunshine sufficient countries, exacerbating hypocalcaemia in a health worker undergoing thyroidectomy - a global perspective and review of literature

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in young adults even in sunlight sufficient countries. It manifests with subtle and trivial symptoms that are often ignored. Nutritional deficiency due to improper dietary habits, poverty, long hours at work and study are factors. The lockdown during COVID has exacerbated the incidence. We had a patient with VDD who became symptomatic after routine thyroidectomy prompting our review into literature on the global health perspective of VDD. Material and method: - A 21-year-old nursing student developed hypocalcaemia within 24 hours after a routine thyroidectomy. VDD was detected and patient improved after supplementation. Literature was reviewed from Pubmed database for the medical aspects of the problem, from Government archives like the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, ICMR etc for cause and medical archives including those of paediatric and general health for the impact of disease at the state, national and global level. A global health problem list was prepared and data was reviewed. Discussion: Vitamin D is protective against respiratory infections due to viral aetiology including COVID. However, complete lockdown to prevent spread of COVID, online learning, and work from home culture has reduced sunlight exposure and increased incidence of VDD. Post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia is common in VDD. Conclusion: Since there is a high prevalence of asymptomatic VDD even in sunshine sufficient countries, it is recommended to screen all patients especially young adults for VDD during routine preoperative work up.

The well-being of gig workers in the sharing economy during COVID-19. (Special Issue: The sharing economy in a post-pandemic world.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of the well-being of transient organizations/groups and to use this to develop a novel conceptual framework of gig worker well-being during times of crisis. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative approach was adopted combining in-depth semi-structured interviews and daily diaries. Twenty-two workers working in the sharing economy were recruited. Thematic analysis was conducted for the diary and interview data. Findings: The findings illustrate a complex picture of sharing economy workers' four dimensions of well-being, including physical, subjective, psychological and social well-being. A number of the COVID-19 pandemic contexts, such as more time, restriction, economic recession and uncertainty, were seen to influence these workers' well-being in different ways including both positive and negative impacts. The precarious nature of gig work within the sharing economy was also found influential, which includes flexibility, uncertainty, temporality and diversity. Furthermore, the specific contexts of the hospitality, tourism and event industry (such as labor-intensive, low esteem, self-value and purpose in life) had also impacted gig workers physical and psychological well-being in various ways. Research limitations/implications: This study complements the gig workers' view of the sharing economy by investigating their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this study reveals the complex and various influences hospitality, tourism and events industry contexts made, amplified by the pandemic. Methodologically, the daily diary approach applied in this research has captured gig workers' instant feelings and thoughts, which enriches the current understanding of gig workers' well-being. Practical implications: From the findings and the newly developed conceptual framework, practical implications are proposed focusing on how the tourism, hospitality and event industries should look after their gig workers' well-being in the COVID-ized environment. From the physical well-being perspective, businesses should consider partnering with gym operators to provide corporate packages or discounted membership to their gig workers. From psychological well-being perspective, a recognition system integrating gig workers would be useful to strengthen gig workers' perception of value in their jobs. In addition, technology can be used to introduce more resources to their gig workers, particularly when distancing. Originality/value: A conceptual framework is developed, which captures the influence of both "internal" and "external" determinants of gig worker well-being during times of crisis. This research contributes to theory by developing a framework of well-being in the context of the sharing economy, as well as explicitly addressing how the uncertainty and precariousness of sharing economy work and the hospitality, tourism and event industry contexts relate to well-being. This model is likely to have applicability beyond COVID-19 as the pandemic made clear many existing challenges - rather than just simply creating new ones.

Foreign research progress on social impact and emergency management in the post-pandemic era

We define the concept and analyze the connotation of the post-pandemic era by reviewing the recent foreign research on social impacts, risk prevention and control, and emergency management in the post-pandemic era. The current state of foreign research in the post-pandemic era is outlined, and the progress of foreign research on social impacts like urban planning and travel patterns, as well as core issues like risk prevention and control and emergency management in the post-pandemic era is analyzed in detail. The characteristics and shortcomings of existing research are summarized and future research in the postpandemic era is also forecasted. COVID-19 has had a huge impact on how people socialize, travel, and work, as well as changing industry trends, technical advancements, and social governance. Uncertainty is the most significant risk feature of the post-pandemic era, and the coupling of numerous hazards poses a new set of challenges to emergency management practices.

The intention to accept the vaccine against COVID-19 at risk sectors in Ecuador

Introduction: COVID-19 caused healthcare professional workers have faced the pandemic on the frontline at the risk of being infected with the virus. Despite the low mortality rate at present and the low presence of patients with COVID-19 in health care centers, the application of a fourth booster dose has generated different positions among several countries. Background: to determine whether personnel considered being at high risk of vulnerability in the city of Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador, have favorable intentions for receiving the fourth booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Method: a quantitative study of correlational scope and cross-sectional design was developed. A questionnaire consisting of 16 questions measured the following variables: risk of infection, perceived knowledge of the vaccine, confidence in the vaccine and intention to be vaccinated;this questionnaire was applied to 375 participants. Statistical analyses were developed using the microsoft Excel spreadsheed and Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences 21 (SPSS 21). Results: statistical analyses showed that the risk of infection (beta = 0.178**), perceived knowledge about the vaccine (beta = 0.218**) and confidence about the vaccine (beta = 0.192**) are significantly correlated with the intention to be fully vaccinated, thus showing the need for a fourth booster dose by vulnerable sectors. Conclusion: this is the first research that presents results regarding the intention to vaccinate vulnerable people and highlights the intention to access a fourth booster dose.

Influence of COVID-19 on the work environment of health workers in Ecuador

Introduction: the quality of medical care is directly related to the appropriate work environment and the satisfaction of the health staff. With the appearance of COVID-19, the work environment in health institutions has worsened. Background: to identify the factors that influence the work environment of the public and private health institutions of Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador, during the period June-August 2021. Method: implementation of a study with a quantitative approach of correlational scope and transectional design in 349 health workers, to whom a 25-questions questionnaire was applied, that measured factors such as: contagion risk, working hours, medical resources and job stability. The results of the study were statistically analyzed through SPPS 20 and AMOS 24, with the previous development of Cronbach's alpha. Results: 94% of the participants considered the work environment of their institutions as inappropriate, while 6% said they did not. Females, and ages ranging between 22-35 years predominated. All the variables of the hypothesized model exceeded 0.70 and the total Cronbach's alpha reached 0.728;the hypothesized model met the convergent and discriminant validity of the variables. The risk of contagion yielded a value of beta=0.148, while the working day resulted with beta=0.010, medical resources beta=0.006 and job stability beta=0.007. Conclusions: the findings determined that the risk of contagion is the most influential factor in the work environment of the institutions under study during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effect of COVID-19-related occupational stress and burnout in referral hospital nurses

Nurses' continuous contribution to patient health makes them prone to occupational stress, which has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress that lasts for a long time and is not resolved may cause burnout. Burnout experienced by nurses can impact patients, hospital services, and themselves. This study aimed to determine the effect of occupational stress on the incidence of nurse burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. It used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study sample was 235 nurses in six COVID-19 referral hospitals in West Sumatra from a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected using a digital questionnaire distributed via a Google Forms link from February to April 2022. The results showed that the stress level of nurses was most commonly moderate (68.1%), and the burnout level was most commonly low (82.1%), with a significant effect of occupational stress on burnout. This study revealed the effect of occupational stress on the burnout of nurses treating COVID-19 patients.

A study of rural domestic helpers knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 in Mizoram, India

Background: In times of an epidemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the public's knowledge and attitude toward the disease affects the ability to abide to different preventive measures. Aims and Objectives: (1) to assess the knowledge and awareness of the domestic helpers in a tribal population, (2) whether the domestic helpers practice appropriate preventative measures that are recommended by WHO. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed and carried out using questionnaire among rural domestic workers in Mizoram, above 14 years of age belonging to both Mizo and Non-Mizo ethnicity. Data were collected from 105 participants and analyzed through t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Majority of the respondents had higher secondary level of education (78.1%) and 95.2% could identify COVID-19 as a communicable disease. Almost all the participants (97.1%) were afraid of infection and the majority (92.4%) had fear of dying with the disease. Three-fourth of the participants were working during the pandemic of which 44.8% had volunteered. Media (68.6%) was the most common source of information about the disease. The education level was significantly associated with knowledge and attitude scores whereas there were no significant differences with respect to the practice (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate an overall good KAP of the rural domestic workers. Since these workers move from house to house and also take care of the vulnerable, and that they themselves and the families, they work for may be at an increased risk of infection with COVID-19, these findings are important from a health campaign perspective.

COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors in Turkish healthcare workers practicing chest medicine

Objective: To evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination status and related characteristics of Turkish healthcare workers practicing chest medicine. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the Turkish Thoracic Society members. The survey was started on May 17, 2021, and kept open for seven weeks. The 39-item survey included the COVID-19 vaccination status and demographic, clinical, and occupational characteristics. Results: Of 378 healthcare workers participated in the survey, 354 (93.7%) reported receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 323 (91.2%) healthcare workers received CoronaVac vs. BioNTech/Pfizer in 31 (8.8%). In the CoronaVac group, 77 (23.8%) contracted COVID-19 when not fully vaccinated, and 13 (4.0%) when fully vaccinated;however, 16 (51.6%) healthcare workers in the BioNTech/Pfizer group got COVID-19 when not fully vaccinated, but any fully vaccinated participants did not contract COVID-19 (P=0.003). Regarding vaccine dosing, 328 (86.8%) were fully vaccinated, while 50 (13.2%) were not. Multiple regression analysis for being a non-fully vaccinated healthcare worker demonstrated a significant relationship with having any SARS-CoV-2 infection history (adjusted OR 9.57, 95% CI 3.93- 23.26, P<0.001) and being a non-physician healthcare worker (adjusted OR 5.86, 95% CI 2.11-16.26, P=0.001), but a significant negative relationship with full-time working at the time of survey (adjusted OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03-0.56, P=0.006). Conclusions: Although a majority of healthcare workers were fully vaccinated, occupational and non-occupational characteristics were related to being non-fully vaccinated. Active surveillance regarding the COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers is necessary to address specific parameters as barriers to vaccination.

Investigation of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among healthcare workers in a tertiary care centre in district Amritsar

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection poses tremendous challenge to the healthcare system of nations across the globe. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are crucial to the ongoing response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the course of their work, they are exposed to hazards that place them at the risk of infection. Serological testing for SARS-CoV2 among healthcare workers, which form a high risk group helps in identifying the burden of hidden infection in an institutional setting. The present study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs during 1st and 2nd wave. Material & Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar during June July 2020 (1st wave)and April May 2021(2nd wave). During this period, 184 blood samples were collected from healthcare workers from Government Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar. Serum was separated and used for detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by ELISA technique. Results: Out of the 184 samples, 79 (42.9%) were found to be seropositive. Higher seropositivity was seen i.e 60.8% during the 2nd wave (April-May 2021) as compared to 25% during 1st wave. The increase in seroprevalence was observed in almost all categories of HCWs, Doctors 44.4% vz 13.04%, nurses 54.8% vz 34.7%, lab technicians 72% vz 30.4% and housekeeping staff 72.2% vz 21.7%. Also the unvaccinated HCWs showed higher seroprevalence during the second wave and 87.5% of vaccinated HCWs had demonstrable IgG antibodies. Conclusions: High seropositivity was observed among healthcare workers due to their nature of work. Rise of seropositivity among unvaccinated HCWs during 2nd wave concludes that increase in seroprevalence was attributable to natural infection. The vaccine's immunological response was also highlighted in the study.

The impact of online food delivery on the nutritional status of work-from-home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Social restriction policies increase the risk of obesity in society because it is influenced by increasingly narrow space for movement so that physical activity is reduced and consumption increases due to feeling bored at home. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused people's lifestyles to change from those previously operating offline to online, including how to get food. Large-scale social restriction policies make food service providers cooperate with the Online Food Delivery (OFD) platform to make it easier to reach consumers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using an online food delivery application on improving the nutritional status of office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 408 workers in Jakarta who experienced the impact of COVID-19. The data analysis technique used SPSS 20, which adjusted test results to the variable data scale. It is known that there was an increase in body weight and nutritional status (p< 0.05) during the large-scale social restriction policy implementation. There is a correlation between physical activity and nutritional status (p< 0.05). There is no significant correlation between the frequency of ordering food online with nutritional status. There is an increase in body weight and an increased risk of obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comparison of SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody levels in health workers with and without a history of COVID-19 infection after heterologous vaccination at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread very quickly, has created crises in all aspects of life around the world. The administration of the COVID-19 heterologous vaccine in Indonesia is prioritized for high-risk groups, one of which is health workers. This study aimed to determine the comparison of quantitative IgG antibody levels for SARS CoV2 between health workers with and without a history of being infected with COVID-19 after heterology vaccination at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study. A total of 64 subjects participated in this study. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software in univariate and bivariate. Results: SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody levels with and without a history of being infected with COVID-19 after heterologous vaccination did not find a significant difference in IgG levels between the two groups. However, the quantitative IgG levels of SARS-CoV2 in the infected history group were greater, namely 4834.25 AU/mL, compared to no history of COVID-19 infection of 3833.35 AU/mL Conclusion: There is a difference in the average SARS-CoV 2 IgG between subjects with a history of being infected with COVID-19 and without a history of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, although statistically, it is not significantly different.